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This collection of application notes provides an introduction to the principles of laser locking in general and to the more practical aspects of phase and frequency locking of diode lasers.
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While the research field of optical clocks requires extremely narrow linewidths to improve clock precision, other applications in the growing field of quantum technologies, have phase stability of a laser as a critical benchmark. Many applications rely on this possibility and requirements concerning the frequency and phase stability keep increasing. Most generally, whenever a laser property is stabilized to an external reference, this is typically called “laser locking” or “locking”. To further narrow down the spectral feature, it is therefore necessary to electronically stabilize the phase or frequency of the laser to an external reference.
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fluctuations of the current driving the laser diode, acoustic vibrations and changes of the surrounding air pressure and temperature. Considering the diode laser, they can be of very different origin, e.g. However, a closer look reveals that frequency fluctuations occur on different time scales. These optical methods of frequency selection already lead to very narrow spectral features. Examples for these elements in the case of diode lasers include external resonators and gratings written into the semiconductor. This monochromatic property is rooted in the fundamental working principle of the laser that always contains a frequency-selective element. It explains why the emergence of the laser led to a renaissance of traditional fields like atomic and molecular spectroscopy and at the same time triggered the birth of new fields like quantum optics and quantum information processing. The monochromatic property of laser light is certainly one of its key features. By Steffen Schmidt-Eberle, Application Engineer Quantum Technologies, TOPTICA Photonics AG
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